U.S. 123 Agreements Outline Rules for Civilian Nuclear Deals, Including Upcoming Saudi Pact

The Trump administration is preparing a new nuclear cooperation pact with Saudi Arabia. The agreement would fall under the United States' 123 Agreement framework. 123 Agreements set conditions for civilian nuclear programs. They are intended to block the spread of nuclear weapons. The proposed deal would allow Saudi Arabia to pursue peaceful nuclear energy. It requires safeguards and monitoring by the United States. The framework has been used for past nuclear partnerships with other nations. The announcement signals Washington’s effort to expand civilian nuclear cooperation while maintaining non‑proliferation controls.