Sketchpad: 1963 breakthrough that pioneered interactive computer graphics

Sketchpad, created in 1963, is recognized as the first interactive computer graphics system. Developed at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory by Ivan Sutherland, it allowed users to draw directly on a

Sketchpad, created in 1963, is recognized as the first interactive computer graphics system. Developed at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory by Ivan Sutherland, it allowed users to draw directly on a screen. The program employed a light‑pen to capture input and displayed vector graphics in real time. It introduced concepts such as object‑oriented representation and constraint‑based editing. Sketchpad demonstrated the feasibility of graphical user interfaces for engineering design. Its innovations influenced subsequent developments in CAD, computer‑aided design, and modern GUIs. The system ran on the TX‑2 computer, showcasing the potential of high‑speed processing. Historians credit Sketchpad with shaping the future of interactive computing.