NCERT Revises Class 12 Political Science Textbook, Removing 'Azad Pakistan' Reference and Adding China's Aggression

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) issued a new edition of the Class 12 political science textbook. The revision removes a reference to “Azad Pakistan” that previously appeared in the content. In its place, the textbook now includes a section describing China’s aggression. The changes were announced as part of an effort to align educational material with current geopolitical realities. Educators and scholars have noted the shift reflects evolving narratives in Indian curricula. The updated book will be distributed to schools ahead of the upcoming academic year. Critics argue the revisions may influence students’ perception of regional history and politics. The NCERT plans to review further content in response to feedback from stakeholders.