Explaining California’s ‘Top Two’ Primary Election System

California employs a “top‑two” primary system that differs from traditional party primaries. All candidates appear on a single ballot regardless of party affiliation. Voters select any candidate, and the two highest vote‑getters advance to the general election. The system can result in two candidates from the same party competing in November. It was adopted to encourage broader voter participation and reduce partisan polarization. Critics argue it may diminish party influence and voter choice in the primary. The method has shaped recent statewide races and campaign strategies. Future elections will continue to test the effectiveness of the top‑two format.